La ansiedad patológica interfiere con la capacidad para adaptarse exitosamente a los desafíos de la vida. La función de estes cambios es facilitar la adaptación ante una situatión adversa o inesperada. Se caracteriza por un aumento del alerta, expectación, activación autonómica y endocrina, y patrones conductuales específicos. La ansiedad es una condición psicológica, fisiológica y conductual que se induce en los animales y en el hombre por una amenaza al bienestar o a la sobrevivencia, sea presente o potencial. Our current knowledge of the biological bases of fear and anxiety is already impressive, and further progress toward models or theories integrating contributions from the medical, biological, and psychological sciences can be expected. These models have been instrumental in establishing the biological correlates of fear and anxiety, although the recent development of noninvasive investigation methods in humans, such as the various neuroimaging techniques, certainly opens new avenues of research in this field. ![]() Vulnerability to psychopathology appears to be a consequence of predisposing factors (or traits), which result from numerous gene-environment interactions during development (particularly during the perinatal period) and experience (life events), in this review, the biology of fear and anxiety will be examined from systemic (brain-behavior relationships, neuronal circuitry, and functional neuroanatomy) and cellular/molecular (neurotransmitters, hormones, and other biochemical factors) points of view, with particular reference to animal models. Pathological anxiety interferes with the ability to cope successfully with life challenges. The function of these changes is to facilitate coping with an adverse or unexpected situation. It is characterized by increased arousal, expectancy, autonomic and neuroendocrine activation, and specific behavior patterns. Anxiety is a psychological, physiological, and behavioral state induced in animals and humans by a threat to well-being or survival, either actual or potential.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |